The purpose of this study was to determine how much compliance there was of barangays in Talavera and Sto. Domingo, Nueva Ecija with the internal control process stipulated by the Commission on Audit (COA), specifically through Circular No. 2019-001. Specifically, the study evaluated how well barangays complied with the circular’s requirements for timeliness, completeness and responsiveness to audit findings. Additionally, the study investigated how effectively the five components of the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) Internal Control Framework (control environment; risk assessment; control activities; information and communication; and monitoring) are implemented. Using a descriptive-correlational research design, the researchers identified the Punong Barangay, Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations, Barangay Treasurer and Municipal Accountant from each participating barangay as the respondents. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data, which were analyzed using weighted mean, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and qualitative analysis. The results indicate that there is a high level of implementation for three (monitoring; information and communication; and control environment) out of the five (risk assessment and control activities) components of the COSO Internal Control Framework, but partial compliance with the provisions of COA Circular No. 2019-001 since although many barangays submit their financial transaction within the required time frame, most barangays do not provide all the necessary supporting documents. Although most barangay officials know what the provisions of COA Circular No. 2019-001 require and why it is important to comply with them, many of them still have an inconsistent practice of compliance to these provisions, mainly due to a lack of technical capacity, a gap in documentation and poor coordination between municipal offices and barangay officials. Based on the results of the study, the researchers proposed implementing a Capability Building Program (Capability Building Program) entitled “Barangay Financial Accountability Enhancement Program” (BFAEP), designed to improve the competency, consistency and coordination among barangay officials in the area of financial management and compliance with audit regulations. Based on the results of this study, the researchers also concluded that continuing education; developing standard procedures for documentation; and improving planning processes can contribute to improving the accountability and compliance of barangay officials to the requirements of COA Circular No. 2019-001.

Keywords: COA Circular No. 2019-001; Compliance; Control Mechanisms; Internal Control; COSO Framework; Barangay Financial Transactions; Nueva Ecija; Good Governance.

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This study investigated the effect of Emotional Intelligence (EQ) on the work efficiency of staff at La Consolacion University Philippines (LCUP). Recognizing the growing importance of EQ in the modern workplace, the research explored whether higher EQ levels exert a significant effect on work efficiency among both Non-Teaching Personnel (NTP) and Academic staff. Utilizing a descriptive correlational research design, data were gathered from the Manchester Personality Test and staff performance appraisal records. Results indicated that the majority of staff exhibit average EQ levels, while a significant portion demonstrates high work efficiency. Regression analysis revealed a strong and statistically significant effect of EQ on work efficiency, with higher EQ levels linked to enhanced job performance. The findings underlined the need for targeted EQ development programs, particularly for NTPs, to foster a more productive work environment. Consequently, a comprehensive Emotional Intelligence Training Program was proposed, focusing on key areas such as emotional control, handling criticism, and promoting equality. This study contributes to the understanding of EQ’s role in workplace dynamics and offers practical recommendations for institutional training initiatives aimed at improving staff performance and organizational effectiveness.

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, EQ, Work Efficiency, La Consolacion University Philippines.

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Background: The realization of the UHC law in the Philippines is a transformative endeavor to improve accessibility, equality, and quality health care services. It is in this reform that nursing leadership and innovation are particularly essential to secure the system-wide aspirations of UHC.

Objectives:  This study aims to examine the role of nursing leadership through integration of innovative practices as a systems lens in implementing UHC Law, focusing on nurses’ involvement in service provision, governance and health systems strengthening.

Methods:  A mixed-methods study consisting of quantitative surveys of 350 registered nurses working in public and private healthcare facilities within metropolitan Manila and qualitative interviews with 15 nurse leaders and administrators was conducted. Attempt was made to process quantitative data using descriptives, inferentials and to derive preferential themes for qualitative interpretations.

Results:  Nurses’ awareness (M = 4.21, SD = 0.53) on UHC implementation was high while readiness (M = 3.87, SD = 0.68) was moderate. Introduction of leadership innovation, especially in work assignment, digital health uptake and inter-disciplinary collaboration were significant predictors of perceived readiness (β = 0.47, p & lt; 0.01). The supporting qualitative themes were systemic barriers such as resource deficiencies, ambiguity regarding role description, and RN involvement in policy planning.

Conclusion:  Incorporation of nursing leadership and innovation into the UHC framework enhances service delivery and system adaptiveness. It is suggested that inclusion of nurses strategically in policy decisions and innovation-focused leadership training may expedite UHC realization.

Keywords: Universal Health Care, Nursing Leadership, Health Systems, Innovation, Philippines, Policy Implementation.

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Transformational leadership (TL) has become a dominant paradigm in educational leadership due to its emphasis on vision, instructional focus, relational trust, and organizational learning. This paper offers a contemporary analysis of transformational educational leadership (TEL) and its role in enhancing school effectiveness across academic achievement, teaching quality, student well-being, equity, and organizational performance. Synthesizing evidence from leadership and school effectiveness research, the study advances a seven-component TEL framework – (1) Moral–Strategic Vision, (2) Instructional Core Focus, (3) Professional Capacity & Collective Efficacy, (4) Data-Informed Improvement, (5) Inclusive Culture & Equity Orientation, (6) Relational Trust & Well-Being, and (7) Adaptive Systems & Innovation. We map these components to multidimensional outcomes and explain the mechanisms linking TEL to results via teacher motivation, collective efficacy, instructional coherence, and organizational learning. A conceptual model is proposed, followed by design considerations for empirical testing and implications for policy and practice. The analysis clarifies boundary conditions (e.g., resource constraints, accountability regimes), identifies risks (e.g., leader dependency, initiative overload), and outlines future research directions including mixed-methods designs, longitudinal causal inference, and equity-centered measures.

Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Educational Leadership, School Effectiveness, Instructional Improvement, Collective Efficacy, Equity, Organizational Learning.

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This study explores household acceptance of solar energy in mid-range subdivisions in Minglanilla, Cebu, Philippines focusing on awareness, benefits, costs, environmental concerns, and social influence. Data collection involved surveying with a 7-point Likert scale, which was then analyzed through linear regression. Tailored marketing recommendations have been developed to enhance solar energy awareness and perception, benefiting stakeholders. The findings reveal a strong community awareness of and positive perceptions toward solar energy, highlighting its affordability and environmental advantages, which drive adoption. Environmental concerns significantly impact acceptance, emphasizing the need to transition to renewable energy sources. Statistical analysis confirms a positive relationship between variables and solar energy acceptance, with perceived benefits and costs emerging as crucial predictors. These insights will assist solar energy providers in devising effective adoption strategies aligned with local preferences. The study’s implications contribute to regional sustainability efforts, supporting Sustainable Development Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy.

Keywords: Consumer Acceptance, Solar Powered Energy, Environmental Concern, Cebu City.

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Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing has become a transformative force in global capital markets, shaping investment decisions and corporate behavior. While ESG integration is well-established in developed economies, its adoption in emerging markets is uneven, marked by both significant opportunities and distinct challenges. This paper investigates the role of ESG investing in two major emerging regions-India and Africa. Through empirical analysis, case studies, and stakeholder interviews, we compare the regulatory frameworks, financial performance, risk mitigation, and sectoral opportunities of ESG investing in both regions. The study concludes by assessing which region currently offers the more compelling ESG investment landscape and provides recommendations for policymakers and investors.

Keywords: Environmental, Social, Governance, ESG, India, Africa, Markets.

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3D mapping technology provides a three-dimensional representation of physical spaces and is widely used across various industries, including architecture, engineering, and urban planning. This study uses SketchUp to develop a 3D map for the Administration Learning Center (ALC) of Central Philippines State University-Main Campus. The project aimed to generate a realistic and detailed visualization of the ALC, showcasing external perspectives, including textures and colors, and interior features such as rooms, doors, windows, walls, and pillars. The methodology involved gathering building schematics, site measurements, and rendering the 3D model using SketchUp Pro 2022. The final 3D map serves as an accessible digital representation that aids university administrators, planners, and students in visualizing the ALC structure for planning and navigation purposes. Survey responses from five staff members and 20 students revealed high satisfaction ratings regarding the model’s functionality, design, and effectiveness. Results indicate that the 3D map enhances navigation, provides precise spatial representation, and improves accessibility to structural information. The study highlights the potential of 3D mapping in educational institutions, particularly for facility management and future campus development. Recommendations include expanding the 3D mapping initiative to cover other university buildings and integrating real-time updates to reflect structural modifications.

Keywords: 3D Mapping, Campus Planning, Digital Visualization, Facility Management, SketchUp.

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Background: The integration of wearable health devices, including the smartwatches, fitness trackers, and biosensors, is revolutionizing healthcare at a fast-changing healthcare setting, by allowing a real-time tracking of patient health. These devices offer a critical information that can be used to improve early diagnosis, enhance the management of chronic diseases, and enable a proactive patient care. Yet, in spite of their promise, the use of the wearable health devices in healthcare environments is hindered by several key barriers, such as technological complexity, insufficient training, and organizational support. The study seeks to investigate the correlation between the strategies for maximizing the wearable health device deployment and the obstacles that impede their adoption, with the aim of determining a solution to enhance their integration into clinical practice.

Methods: The study employed a descriptive-correlational quantitative research design, gathering data from a sample of 200 nurses. The survey focused on assessing nurses’ perceptions of wearable health devices, particularly in relation to their influence on patient care, clinical decision-making, and the efficiency of daily workflow activities.

Result: The findings indicated that there were weak associations between technological complexity, absence of training, and organizational support with nurses’ perception of wearable health devices. One such finding was that nurses who perceived not being trained rated the effectiveness of the devices in detecting early health issues slightly lower, but this was not statistically significant. Furthermore, nurses who perceived a greater number of barriers to adoption were likely to see wearable health devices as less important, although this correlation was also weak.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that while there are some weak correlations between barriers to adoption and nurses’ perceptions of wearable health devices, these relationships do not have a significant impact on their overall adoption. Addressing training gaps and overcoming perceived barriers may enhance the integration of wearable devices in healthcare settings.

Keywords: Relationship, Strategies, Wearable Health Devices, Barriers, Adoption, Healthcare Setting.

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This study investigates the influence of psychological empowerment and organizational justice on Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) among faculty members in higher education institutions. In an era of academic transformation marked by globalization, digital learning, and performance-based governance, universities increasingly rely on voluntary, cooperative behaviours from faculty that transcend formal job descriptions. OCB-manifested through altruism, conscientiousness, civic virtue, and collegial cooperation-is a vital indicator of institutional health and academic excellence. Drawing upon Social Exchange Theory and Empowerment Theory, this study conceptualises psychological empowerment as a multidimensional construct comprising meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact, which enhances teachers’ intrinsic motivation and commitment. Similarly, organizational justice-encompassing distributive, procedural, and interactional fairness-shapes perceptions of equity and trust within academic environments. The research contributes to organisational behaviour and educational management literature by integrating empowerment and justice frameworks within the academic context. It offers insights for university leaders and policymakers to cultivate a culture of trust, recognition, and participative decision-making-thus enabling faculty members to act as responsible citizens of their institutions and agents of continuous improvement.

Keywords: Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB), Psychological Empowerment, Organizational Justice, Faculty Engagement, Higher Education, Academic Culture.

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This study investigates the effectiveness of digital marketing strategies in driving growth within the e-commerce sector. As online marketplaces become increasingly competitive, businesses rely on data-driven marketing approaches to attract, engage, and retain customers. Digital marketing strategies such as search engine optimization (SEO), social media marketing, content marketing, email campaigns, influencer collaborations, and targeted digital advertising play a critical role in enhancing brand visibility and consumer reach. This research examines how these strategies contribute to key performance outcomes including customer acquisition, conversion rates, brand loyalty, and revenue growth. The study adopts a strategic and analytical perspective, exploring the relationship between digital marketing initiatives and measurable e-commerce performance indicators. Emphasis is placed on personalization, real-time engagement, and the use of analytics tools to optimize marketing efforts. Digital platforms enable businesses to track consumer behaviour, tailor promotional content, and deliver seamless customer experiences, thereby strengthening competitive advantage in online retail environments. The research highlights the importance of aligning marketing tactics with evolving consumer preferences and technological advancements. It concludes that the strategic deployment of digital marketing tools is a key determinant of sustainable e-commerce growth in the contemporary digital economy.

Keywords: Digital Marketing Strategies, E-Commerce Growth, Online Consumer Engagement, Search Engine Optimization (SEO), Social Media Marketing, Conversion Rate Optimization, Customer Acquisition, Digital Advertising.

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